A loving woman, wife, and mother, with a true desire for human rights activism and social work,who showed the world how vulnerability is not a sign of weakness.
A person’s legacy is measured by the lives they touch, the values they uphold, and the impact they leave behind. Katharine “Kitty” Dukakis, wife of former Massachusetts governor and 1988 Democratic Presidential candidate Michael Dukakis, died on March 21, 2025, at the age of 88, leaving a legacy that should be cherished.
Committed to lifelong learning, Kitty pursued her education at Pennsylvania State University before earning a Bachelor of Arts in Education from Lesley College. During this time, she met Michael Dukakis. They married in 1963, the same year she earned her Bachelor's degree in Education, and later had two daughters, Andrea and Kara, whom they raised along with her son John from a previous marriage. She obtained a Master of Science in Broadcast and Film from Boston University’s School of Communications in 1982, followed by a Master’s in Social Work from the Boston University School of Social Work in 1992. Her dedication to education and public service was reflected not only in her academic achievements but also in her contributions to the community.
In 1976, a year after Michael Dukakis became governor of Massachusetts, Kitty, who was Jewish and was subjected to anti-semitism during her childhood, returned from her first visit to Israel “converted” by a new connection to Judaism. She wrote, “I hate to sound corny, but I had a spiritual awakening”. Following her visit, a subject most important to her was the Holocaust and its teaching. She engaged with Brookline educators who were in the process of establishing "Facing History and Ourselves," a now-national education program dedicated to teaching about the Holocaust and other atrocities, including the Armenian genocide. Additionally, in 1978, President Carter appointed her to the first President’s Commission on the Holocaust, which sought to build a Holocaust memorial museum in Washington, D.C. A decade later, when that panel was replaced by the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, she was appointed to the council by President George H.W. Bush, reflecting her commitment to Holocaust education and awareness.
Beyond being a leading voice in raising awareness of the Holocaust and the Armenian genocide, Kitty Dukakis was a steadfast advocate for the underdog, devoting herself to projects involving the homeless and political refugees. In 1979, she was appointed to the board of directors of the Refugee Policy Group and later joined Refugees International, working extensively on issues related to displacement and human rights. She played a pivotal role in addressing the Cambodian refugee crisis, organizing a mission to Thailand in 1981 that secured the release of 250 unaccompanied orphaned Cambodian minors, many of whom resettled in Massachusetts. Her commitment extended further in 1985 when she undertook a fact-finding tour of refugee camps in Thailand, leading to the establishment of the Refugees International/Cambodian Crisis Fund to support Southeast Asian refugees with family ties in the United States. Governor Dukakis stated that his wife had always been empathetic towards the powerless and had stated “She was a born social worker” in a 2016 interview. Her advocacy was marked by “honesty, compassion, and strength to public life,” and “Her legacy is one of service, resilience, and truth-telling” said Maria Ivanova, director of Northeastern University’s Policy School, in a statement.
Her unwavering commitment to openness and advocacy was equally evident in her work on mental health and addiction recovery, where she fearlessly shared her personal experiences to break stigma and support others in their recovery. Her struggles with substance use began in 1956 when she developed a dependence on amphetamines, a habit that persisted for 26 years. During her husband’s 1988 presidential campaign, she publicly disclosed her past addiction to diet pills and later spoke candidly about her battle with alcoholism. Following her husband's electoral defeat, she faced increased struggles with alcohol, prompting her to seek treatment through a 60-day program, though she later experienced a relapse. She chronicled these experiences in her 1991 memoir, Now You Know, where she explored the deeper-seated affliction of depression that contributed to her addiction. Recognizing that conventional treatments were ineffective in managing her depression, Dukakis turned to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 2001. She became a strong advocate for the benefits of its treatment, allowing producers from “60 Minutes” to document one of her sessions and later co-authoring Shock: The Healing Power of Electroconvulsive Therapy (2006). The treatment, she wrote, "opened a new reality for me… I used to deny when a depressive episode was coming on, to myself and others. I know how much it would hurt, how long the darkness would last. Now I know there is something that will work and work quickly. It takes away the anticipation and the fear.”
Beyond her personal journey, Dukakis worked to support others facing similar challenges. She and her husband hosted mental health support groups in their home, and she led a five-week community discussion group on spirituality and mental health with social worker Hadassah Margolis at Congregation Kehillath Israel. In recognition of her advocacy, the Lemuel Shattuck Hospital in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, named its addiction treatment center in her honor. Through her openness and activism, Dukakis significantly contributed to destigmatizing addiction and mental health treatment, leaving a lasting impact on public discourse and policy.
In a statement after her passing, she was described by her family as “loving, feisty, and fun, and had a keen sensitivity to people from all walks of life... She lived a full life fighting to make the world a better place and sharing her vulnerabilities to help others face theirs”.
Reflecting on her life, I am not only struck by her contributions but also by what she represents for my generation, especially for young women aspiring to enter the political and public sphere. At 22, I look at women like her with admiration and gratitude, recognizing the challenge she faced and the legacy she had left behind for those of us who seek to make an impact in the world. Arguably, Kitty Dukakis belonged to a generation of women who often had to navigate political and social landscapes that did not willingly welcome their voices. Looking back at that time, one rarely saw women next to political figures voice themselves the way Kitty did. Yet, she was the exception that forged her own path, not solely as the wife of a presidential candidate and governor, but as a fierce advocate for human rights, social work, and most exceptionally, the destigmatization of addiction and mental health. I think that even today, in a world where young women in leadership still face scrutiny and unrealistic expectations, Kitty’s transparency and resilience are empowering, and can be taken as a lesson demonstrating how true strength does not derive from the absence of vulnerability, but rather from the courage to confront it, own it, and use it to help the people around you. As a result, through challenging norms and expectations, Kitty expanded the space for women of new generations that might follow. I truly believe that Kitty Dukakis’s sense of responsibility toward humanity, which she demonstrated in many different ways throughout her life, will inspire young women to be compassionate, bold, and perseverant in the pursuit of their passions and ambitions.
In memory of Kitty Dukakis, whose legacy of compassion and service will never be forgotten.
Jana Chapovska (ACT Class of 2025)
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